Photosynthetica 2002, 40(4):493-501 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1024331414564

Photosynthetic Activity and Cellular Integrity of the Andean Legume Pachyrhizus ahipa (Wedd.) Parodi under Heat and Water Stress

M.C. Matos1, P.S. Campos1, J.C. Ramalho2, M.C. Medeira1, M.I. Maia1, J.M. Semedo1, N.M. Marques1, A. Matos1
1 Departamento de Fisiologia Vegetal - Estação Agronómica Nacional, Av. República, Oeiras, Portugal
2 Centro de Estudos de Produção e Tecnologia Agrícolas - Inst. Inv. Científica Tropical, Lisboa, Portugal

Pachyrhizus ahipa (Wedd.) Parodi, originally from Latin America, is an agronomy interesting legume crop due to high seed protein content and saccharides-rich tuber root. Its capacity of adaptation to Mediterranean climate, where heat and water stress are frequently associated, is being tested. Two accessions of P. ahipa (AC 102 and AC 524) differing in field production were compared as concerns the effects of water stress and high temperature on photosynthetic performance. Membrane integrity was also evaluated through electrolyte leakage (injury index, I%), lipid composition, and ultrastructure observations. Short-term heat stress (40 °C) did not affect net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), and most of fluorescence parameters in both accessions, what was consistent with low electrolyte leakage. However, photosynthetic capacity (Pmax) showed a significant reduction, AC 524 being more affected than AC 102. Relative water content (RWC) below 70 % caused a drastic decrease in PN and gs. Fluorescence parameters, Pmax, and I% were affected in the two accessions, which also presented a strong reduction (42 %) in total fatty acids (TFA). Contents of galactolipids were drastically reduced, and changes in their saturation also occurred, namely a decrease in linolenic acid (C18:3) percentage of monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol (MGDG) in both accessions. Thylakoid ultrastructure in AC 524 submitted to drought showed disorganisation of grana stacking. Mitochondria presented signs of injured cristae. When water-stressed plants were subjected to high temperature, photosynthesis and fluorescence parameters did not show significant additional changes in both accessions. The exposure of drought stressed plants to 40 °C further increased electrolyte leakage in AC 524, but not in AC 102. Chloroplasts, mitochondria, and plasmalemma showed an increased disorganisation. Vesicles appeared in the cytoplasm, which became electron-transparent, reflecting a strong reduction in the number of ribosomes. Hence AC 102 was less affected than AC 524 as regards some components of photosynthetic process, namely Pmax and membrane integrity. This could account for its better yield production previously observed in field grown plants.

Additional key words: chlorophyll fluorescence; drought; high temperature; leakage; membrane lipids; photosystem 2; stomatal conductance; ultrastructure; quantum yield; yam bean

Published: December 1, 2002  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Matos, M.C., Campos, P.S., Ramalho, J.C., Medeira, M.C., Maia, M.I., Semedo, J.M., Marques, N.M., & Matos, A. (2002). Photosynthetic Activity and Cellular Integrity of the Andean Legume Pachyrhizus ahipa (Wedd.) Parodi under Heat and Water Stress. Photosynthetica, 40(4), 493-501. doi: 10.1023/A:1024331414564
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Allen, C.F., Good, P., Davis, H.S., Chisum, P., Fowler, S.D.: Methodology for the separation of plant lipids and application to spinach leaf and chloroplast lamellae.-J. amer. Oil Chem. Soc. 43: 223-230, 1966. Go to original source...
    2. Barber, J.: Surface electrical charges and protein phosphorylation.-In: Staehelin, L.A., Arntzen, C.J. (ed.): Photosynthesis III. Pp. 653-664. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York-Tokyo 1986.
    3. Berry, J., Björkman, O.: Photosynthetic response and adaptation to temperature in higher plants.-Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 31: 491-543, 1980. Go to original source...
    4. Bukhov, N.G., Wiese, C., Neimanis, S., Heber, U.: Heat sensitivity of chloroplasts and leaves: Leakage of protons from thylakoids and reversible activation of cyclic electron transport.-Photosynth. Res. 59: 81-93, 1999. Go to original source...
    5. Campos, P.S., Pham Thi, A.T.: Effects of an abscisic acid pretreatment on membrane leakage and lipid composition of Vigna unguiculata leaf discs subjected to osmotic stress.-Plant Sci. 130: 11-18, 1997. Go to original source...
    6. Campos, P.S., Ramalho, J.C., Lauriano, J.A., Silva, M.J., Matos, M. do C.: Effects of drought on photosynthetic performance and water relations of four Vigna genotypes.-Photosynthetica 36: 79-87, 1999. Go to original source...
    7. Èatský, J.: Determination of water deficit in discs cut out from leaf blades.-Biol. Plant. 2: 76-78, 1960. Go to original source...
    8. Cornic, G., Massacci, A.: Leaf photosynthesis under drought stress.-In: Baker, N.R. (ed.): Photosynthesis and the Environment. Pp. 347-366. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht-Boston-London 1996. Go to original source...
    9. Farrant, J.M., Cooper, K., Kruger, L.A., Sherwin, H.W.: The effect of drying rate on the survival of three desiccation-tolerant angiosperm species.-Ann. Bot. 84: 371-379, 1999. Go to original source...
    10. Feller, U., Crafts-Brandner, S.J., Salvucci, M.E.: Moderately high temperatures inhibit ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase-mediated activation of Rubisco.-Plant Physiol. 116: 539-546, 1998. Go to original source...
    11. Genty, B., Briantais, J.-M., Baker, N.R.: The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence.-Biochim. biophys. Acta 990: 87-92, 1989. Go to original source...
    12. Gounaris, K., Brain, A.P.R., Quinn, P.J., Williams, W.P.: Structural re-organisation of chloroplast thylakoid membranes in response to heat-stress.-Biochim. biophys. Acta 766: 198-208, 1984. Go to original source...
    13. Hall, J.L., Hawes, C.: Electron Microscopy of Plant Cells.-Academic Press, London 1991.
    14. Havaux, M.: Stress tolerance of photosystem II in vivo. Antagonistic effects of water, heat and photoinhibition stresses.-Plant Physiol. 100: 424-432, 1992. Go to original source...
    15. Havaux, M.: Short-term responses of photosystem I to heat stress. Induction of a PS II-independent electron transport through PS I fed by stromal components.-Photosynth. Res. 47: 85-97, 1996. Go to original source...
    16. Harwood, J.: Adaptive changes in the lipids of higher-plant membranes.-Biochem. Soc. Trans. 11: 343-346, 1983. Go to original source...
    17. Hoagland, D.R., Snyder, W.C.: Nutrition of strawberry plant under controlled conditions.-Proc. amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 30: 288, 1933.
    18. Horváth, G., Melis, A., Hideg, É., Droppa, M., Vigh, L.: Role of lipids in the organization and function of Photosystem II studied by homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of thylakoid membranes in situ.-Biochim. biophys. Acta 891: 68-74, 1987. Go to original source...
    19. Kaiser, W.M.: Effects of water deficit on photosynthetic capacity.-Physiol. Plant. 71: 142-149, 1987. Go to original source...
    20. Kuiper, J.P.C.: Environmental changes and lipid metabolism of higher plants.-Physiol. Plant. 64: 118-122, 1985. Go to original source...
    21. Lauriano, J.A., Campos, P.S., Ramalho, J.C., Lidon, F.C., Guedes, M.E., Matos, M. do C.: Partial decline of Arachis hypogaea L. photosynthesis triggered by drought stress.-Photosynthetica 33: 81-90, 1997. Go to original source...
    22. Lauriano, J.A., Lidon, F.C., Carvalho, C.A., Campos, P.S., Matos, M. do C.: Drought effects on membrane lipids and photosynthetic activity in different peanut cultivars.-Photosynthetica 38: 7-12, 2000. Go to original source...
    23. Law, R.D., Crafts-Brandner, J.: Inhibition and acclimation of photosynthesis to heat stress is closely correlated with activation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase.-Plant Physiol. 120: 173-181, 1999. Go to original source...
    24. Lawlor, D.W.: The effects of water deficit on photosynthesis.-In: Smirnoff, N. (ed.): Environment and Plant Metabolism. Flexibility and Acclimation. Pp. 129-160. Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxford 1995.
    25. Lopez-Carbonell, M., Alegre, L., van Onckelen, H.: Changes in cell ultrastructure and endogenous abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid concentrations in Fatsia japonica leaves under polyethylene glycol-induced water stress.-Plant Growth Regul. 15: 165-174, 1994. Go to original source...
    26. Matos, M.C., Lauriano, J.A., Campos, P.S., Ramalho, J.C., Semedo, J.M., Marques, N.M.: Drought acclimation effects on gas exchanges and accumulation of some osmotic solutes in four Arachis hypogaea genotypes.-In: Garab, G. (ed.): Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects. Vol. 4. Pp. 2557-2560. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht-Boston-London 1998. Go to original source...
    27. Mazliak, P.: Plant membrane lipids: changes and alterations during aging and senescence.-In: Lieberman, M. (ed.): Postharvest Physiology and Crop Preservation. Pp. 123-140. Plenum Press, New York 1983. Go to original source...
    28. Murakami, Y., Tsuyama, M., Kobayashi, Y., Kodama, H., Iba, K.: Trienoic fatty acids and plant tolerance of high temperature.-Science 287: 476-479, 2000. Go to original source...
    29. Ørting, B.: Genetic variation in Pachyrhizus ahipa (Wedd.) Parodi, a biometrical test under greenhouse conditions.-Thesis. Department of Botany, Dendrology and Forest Genetics, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Kobenhavn 1996. Go to original source...
    30. Pham Thi, A.T., Vieira da Silva, J.: Influence de la sécheresse sur l'ultrastructure mitochondriale chez le cotonnier - Quelques implications métaboliques.-Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 100: 351-358, 1980. Go to original source...
    31. Pham Thi, A.T., Vieira da Silva, J., Mazliak, P.: The role of membrane lipids in drought resistance of plants.-Bull. Soc. bot. Fr. 137: 99-114, 1990. Go to original source...
    32. Ramalho, J.C., Chaves, M.M.: Drought effects on plant water relations and carbon gain in two lines of Lupinus albus L.-Eur. J. Agron. 1: 271-280, 1992. Go to original source...
    33. Ristic, Z., Gifford, D.J., Cass, D.D.: Dehydration, damage to the plasma membrane and thylakoids and heat shock proteins in lines of maize differing in endogenous levels of abscisic acid and drought resistance.-J. Plant Physiol. 139: 467-473, 1992. Go to original source...
    34. Sahsah, Y., Campos, P., Gareil, M., Zuily-Fodil, Y., Pham Thi, A.T.: Enzymatic degradation of polar lipids in Vigna unguiculata leaves and influence of drought stress.-Physiol. Plant. 104: 577-586, 1998. Go to original source...
    35. Scherbakova, A., Kacperska-Palacz, A.: Modification of stress tolerance by dehydration pretreatment in winter rape hypocotyls.-Physiol. Plant. 48: 560-563, 1980. Go to original source...
    36. Sørensen, M., Grüneberg, W.J., Ørting, B.: Ahipa. Pachyrhizus ahipa (Wedd.) Parodi.-In: Hermann, M., Heller, J. (ed.): Andean Roots and Tubers: Ahipa, Arracacha, Maca and Yacon. Promoting the Conservation and Use of Underutilized and Neglected Crops. 21. Pp. 13-73. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome 1997.
    37. Stoyanova, D., Yordanov, I.: Influence of drought, high temperature, and carbamide cytokinin 4-PU-30 on photosynthetic activity of plants. 2. Chloroplast ultrastructure of primary bean leaves.-Photosynthetica 37: 621-625, 1999. Go to original source...
    38. Thomas, P.G., Dominy, P.J., Vigh, L., Mansourian, A.R., Quinn, P.J., Williams, W.P.: Increased thermal stability of pigment-protein complexes of pea thylakoids following catalytic hydrogenation of membrane lipids.-Biochim. biophys. Acta 849: 131-140, 1986. Go to original source...
    39. Utrillas, M.J., Alegre, L.: Impact of water stress on leaf anatomy and ultrastructuture in Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. under natural conditions.-Int. J. Plant Sci. 158: 313-324, 1997. Go to original source...
    40. Vaz, F., Vieira da Silva, J., Matos, M.C.: Yield of yam bean, Pachyrhizus ahipa (Wedd.) Parodi, in a Mediterranean climate.-In: Sørensen, M., Estrella, J.E., Hamann, Ole, J., Santa Ana Rios Ruiz, M.C. (ed.). Proceedings of 2nd International Symposium of Tuberous Legumes. Pp. 285-290. MacKeenzie, Copenhagen 1998.
    41. Vieira da Silva, J.: Water stress, ultrastructure and enzymatic activity.-In: Lange, O.L., Kappen, L., Schulze, E.-D. (ed.). Water and Plant Life. Pp. 207-224. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York 1976. Go to original source...
    42. Webb, M.S., Green, B.R.: Biochemical and biophysical properties of thylakoid acyl lipids.-Biochim. biophys. Acta 1060: 133-158, 1991. Go to original source...
    43. Yordanov, Y.: Responses of photosynthesis to stress and plant growth regulators.-Bulg. J. Plant Physiol. 21: 51-57, 1995.

    Return to the content