Photosynthetica, 2022 (vol. 60), issue 3
Diurnal photosynthetic performance of two oak species from two provenances in a Mediterranean and a central European common garden
V. HOLLAND, N. REININGER, F. BANTIS, W. BRÜGGEMANN, K. RADOGLOU, M.N. FOTELLI
Photosynthetica 2022, 60(3):326-336 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2022.023 
Oaks may contribute to the stabilization of European forests under climate change. We utilized two common gardens established in contrasting growth regimes, in Greece (Olympiada) and Germany (Schwanheim), to compare the diurnal photosynthetic performance of a Greek and an Italian provenance of two Mediterranean oaks (Quercus pubescens and Q. frainetto) during the 2019 growing season. Although the higher radiation in the southern common garden led to a strong midday depression of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters (maximum quantum efficiency of PSII, performance index on absorption basis), comparable light-saturated net photosynthetic...
Photosynthetic efficiency of young Rhizophora mangle L. in a mangrove in southeastern Brazil
S.S. PASCOALINI, M.M.P. TOGNELLA, A.R. FALQUETO, M.L.G. SOARES
Photosynthetica 2022, 60(3):337-349 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2022.025
The study proposes to evaluate the photosynthetic plasticity of Rhizophora mangle L. in four mangrove sites distributed along with the Great Vitória Estuarine System. The variation in organic matter content, which implies the higher essential nutrient availability, contributed to better energy flux performance related to electron transport. Furthermore, salinity damaged the reaction centers (RC), since the site with the highest salinity showed changes in the number and size of active photosynthetic RC and in the specific energy flows per active RC (absorption flux, trapped energy flux, and dissipated energy flux), but the plasticity of the species...
Speed of light-induced stomatal movement is not correlated to initial or final stomatal conductance in rice
Z. XIONG, Q.W. LUO, D.L. XIONG, K.H. CUI, S.B. PENG, J.L. HUANG
Photosynthetica 2022, 60(3):350-359 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2022.013
In nature, plants are often confronted with wide variations in light intensity, which may cause a massive carbon loss and water waste. Here, we investigated the response of photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance to fluctuating light among ten rice genotypes and their influence on plant acclimation and intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi). Significant differences were observed in photosynthetic induction and stomatal kinetics across rice genotypes. However, no significant correlation was observed between steady-state and non-steady-state gas exchange. Genotypes with a greater range of steady-state and faster response rate of the gas...
Bacon Ke (1920-2022): a pioneer of primary photochemistry of photosynthesis
G. GOVINDJEE, R. MALKIN, T. OGAWA
Photosynthetica 2022, 60(3):360-361 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2022.026
Bacon Ke was a physical chemist and an ingenious instrument designer whose work led to an in-depth understanding of the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis.
Comparative PSII photochemistry of quinoa and maize under mild to severe drought stress
C. MALAN, J.M. BERNER
Photosynthetica 2022, 60(3):362-371 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2022.022
Quinoa has been identified as a climate-resilient crop that can overcome unfavorable conditions. This study explores the photochemical efficiency of quinoa compared to maize subjected to drought stress. The JIP-test was used to assess the photochemical efficiency of both crops. Proline content, leaf water potential, and membrane leakage were also determined. The maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) did not change for quinoa and maize under moderate stress. However, severe drought conditions resulted in a decline in Fv/Fm in maize but not quinoa. Furthermore, the PSII performance index (PIABS,total)...
László Mustárdy (1945-2022)
G. GARAB
Photosynthetica 2022, 60(3):372-375 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2022.028
In photosynthesis research, in the early 1970s, one of the main problems was to understand the structure and functions of the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts of vascular plants. László Mustárdy, with his great skill and legendary patience, took care excellently of the tasks of electron microscopic ultrastructure.
Biochemical, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of maize genotypes under drought stress reveals important insights into their interaction and homeostasis
G.M. SINGH, S. GOLDBERG, D. SCHAEFER, F. ZHANG, S. SHARMA, V.K. MISHRA, J. XU
Photosynthetica 2022, 60(3):376-388 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2022.024
Many studies have been conducted on maize to study the effect of drought on yield at the flowering stage, but understanding biochemical and photosynthetic response against drought at the seedling stage needs to be well established. Thus, to understand differential changes and interaction of biochemical and photosynthetic parameters at the seedling stage under drought, a greenhouse experiment with twelve maize genotypes under severe drought (30% field capacity) and irrigated (90-100% field capacity) conditions were performed. Drought differentially altered biochemical and photosynthetic parameters in all genotypes. A sharp increase in hydrogen peroxide,...
Mitigative effect of 6-benzyladenine on photosynthetic capacity and leaf ultrastructure of maize seedlings under waterlogging stress
J. WANG, Y.L. WANG, D.Y. WANG, J.X. HUANG, Y.B. LIU, M. ZHU, F.H. LI
Photosynthetica 2022, 60(3):389-399 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2022.027
6-Benzyladenine (6-BA) is an artificial synthetic cytokinin, which plays an important role in regulating plant responses to abiotic stress. This study aimed to investigate the mitigative effect of exogenous 6-BA on photosynthetic capacities and leaf ultrastructure under waterlogging stress using two waxy corn inbred lines. The results showed that waterlogging stress disrupted the photosynthesis of waxy corn seedlings. However, exogenous 6-BA alleviated the inhibition caused by waterlogging stress. Under the waterlogging conditions, 6-BA treatment of plants helped preserve the structural...
Systematic salt tolerance-related physiological mechanisms of wild soybean and their role in the photosynthetic activity and Na+ distribution of grafted soybean plants
Z.C. XUE, Y. WANG, J. LIU
Photosynthetica 2022, 60(3):400-407 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2022.030
Systematic salt tolerance-related physiological mechanisms in roots and shoots of halophyte Dongying wild soybean have not yet been thoroughly studied. In this study, photosynthesis, modulated 820-nm reflection, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and Na+ distribution in cultivated (Gmc) and wild (Gsw) soybean leaves of grafted soybean plants were investigated after NaCl treatment. Results showed that the decreases in photosynthetic rate, performance index, active P700 content, and plastocyanin reduction were significantly greater in the Gsw leaves than those in the Gmc...
Both uniconazole and 5-aminolevulinic acid increase maize (Zea mays L.) yield by changing its ear morphology and increasing photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidants in saline-alkali land
L. XU, N.J. FENG, X.L. LIANG, H.H. ZHAO, S.Y. WANG, Y. JIANG, Y. ZHAO, D.F. ZHENG
Photosynthetica 2022, 60(3):408-419 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2022.029
Saline-alkaline stress is one of the most detrimental abiotic stresses that restrict the yield and physiological activity of maize (Zea mays L.). In the present study, maize was planted on saline-alkali land, while 25 mg L-1 uniconazole (S3307) and 40 mg L-1 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) were sprayed at the stage of nine expanded leaves. Our results showed that both S3307 and ALA applications significantly increased all ear width, volume, and mass in the maturity stage. Both applications also upregulated photosynthetic efficiency via increasing the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and...
The effects of nitrogen application on the growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant activity of Amaranthus viridis
C.-C. CHEN, M.-Y. HUANG, K.-H. LIN, M.-T. HSUEH
Photosynthetica 2022, 60(3):420-429 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2022.034
Amaranthus viridis is a functional food due to its antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of photosynthesis, growth, and antioxidant properties in A. viridis to nitrogen (N) applications. A. viridis plants were cultivated under low N (LN), medium N (MN), and high N (HN), and harvested at the reproductive phase. The dry mass and plant height of A. viridis plants increased with elevated N, and the dry mass of HN was saturated. Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and water-use efficiency in the leaves at HN were strengthened. Meanwhile, under HN, chlorophylls (Chl), their precursors,...
Ultrastructure, adaptability, and alleviation mechanisms of photosynthetic apparatus in plants under waterlogging: A review
S. SHARMA, U. BHATT, J. SHARMA, H.M. KALAJI, J. MOJSKI, V. SONI
Photosynthetica 2022, 60(3):430-444 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2022.033
Photosynthesis is a process highly sensitive to various abiotic and biotic stresses in plants. Among them, the major abiotic stress, waterlogging, affects the crop's growth and productivity. Under waterlogging, the photosynthetic apparatus of plants was destroyed. Waterlogging reduced chlorophyll content and the net photosynthetic rate. Therefore, this updated review summarized the effect of waterlogging on chloroplast ultrastructure, photosynthetic characteristics, and chlorophyll fluorescence attributes of plant species. By studying various research papers, we found that intercellular concentration of available carbon dioxide in mesophyll cells,...
Comparative study of photosynthetic capacity in lower leaves in the canopy of dwarf and semidwarf wheat
H.W. LI, J. ZHANG, Q. ZHENG, B. LI, Z.S. LI
Photosynthetica 2022, 60(3):445-456 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2022.037
Semidwarf wheat contributes to significant yield increase worldwide, however, few dwarf cultivars of wheat are cultivated due to grain yield penalty. In this study, a new dwarf wheat Triticum aestivum L., cv. Xiaoyan 101, was investigated to explore its photosynthetic performance and yield potential. In the comparison of the semidwarf wheat cultivars, Jing 411 and Xiaoyan 101, although the first three leaves (including flag leaves) did not differ significantly in both genotypes, Xiaoyan 101 conferred a higher content of photosynthetic pigments and higher photochemical efficiency but had lower contents of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde...
Diurnal decline in the photosynthetic capacity of uppermost leaves in an eggplant canopy grown in a horticultural greenhouse
K. NOMURA, M. SAITO, M. ITO, S. YAMANE, T. IWAO, I. TADA, T. YAMAZAKI, S. ONO, D. YASUTAKE, M. KITANO
Photosynthetica 2022, 60(3):457-464 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2022.040
Parameters representing leaf photosynthetic capacity, namely, the maximal carboxylation rate (Vcmax), maximal electron transport rate (Jmax), and triose phosphate-utilization rate (Tp), can vary depending on various factors. The present study investigated diurnal variations in Vcmax, Jmax, and Tp of uppermost leaves of soil-grown, well-watered eggplant in a greenhouse based on the simultaneous measurements of leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence. The values of net photosynthetic rates and electron transport rates plotted against intercellular...
Photosynthetic mechanism of high yield under an improved wide-narrow row planting pattern in maize
X.L. GE, Y.B. CHEN, Y. WANG, B.C. WANG, Q. CHAO, Y. YU, X.J. GONG, Y.B. HAO, L. LI, Y.B. JIANG, G.Y. LV, C.R. QIAN, C.D. JIANG
Photosynthetica 2022, 60(3):465-475 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2022.032
Wide-narrow row maize planting patterns are a popular way to enhance maize yield via improving canopy PAR. To further optimize canopy PAR, we designed an improved wide-narrow row planting pattern (R2) based on the principle of the shortest projection length and the longest illumination of objects on the ground. Compared to the traditional wide-narrow row planting pattern (R1), maize yield increased by about 10% in R2. R2 maize had higher PAR, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rates than maize grown in R1. Moreover, compared to maize leaves in R1, the carbon assimilation enzymatic activities were also significantly higher...