PHOTOSYNTHETICA

Photosynthetica 2022, 60(1):25-58 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.055

Light quality, oxygenic photosynthesis and more

D. LAZAR^{1, †}, A. STIRBET^{2, †}, L.O. BJÖRN³, G. GOVINDJEE⁴

¹ Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic

² Anne Burras Lane, Newport News, 23606 Virginia, USA Department of Biology, Molecular Cell Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, SE-22462 Lund, Sweden3

⁴ Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

Oxygenic photosynthesis takes place in thylakoid membranes (TM) of cyanobacteria, algae, and higher plants. It begins with light absorption by pigments in large (modular) assemblies of pigment-binding proteins, which then transfer excitation energy to the photosynthetic reaction centers of photosystem (PS) I and PSII. In green algae and plants, these light-harvesting protein complexes contain chlorophylls (Chls) and carotenoids (Cars). However, cyanobacteria, red algae, and glaucophytes contain, in addition, phycobiliproteins in phycobilisomes that are attached to the stromal surface of TM, and transfer excitation energy to the reaction centers via the Chl a molecules in the inner antennas of PSI and PSII. The color and the intensity of the light to which these photosynthetic organisms are exposed in their environment have a great influence on the composition and the structure of the light-harvesting complexes (the antenna) as well as the rest of the photosynthetic apparatus, thus affecting the photosynthetic process and even the entire organism. We present here a perspective on 'Light Quality and Oxygenic Photosynthesis', in memory of George Christos Papageorgiou (9 May 1933-21 November 2020; see notes a and b). Our review includes (1) the influence of the solar spectrum on the antenna composition, and the special significance of Chl a; (2) the effects of light quality on photosynthesis, measured using Chl a fluorescence; and (3) the importance of light quality, intensity, and its duration for the optimal growth of photosynthetic organisms.

Additional key words: Chl fluorescence induction; chromatic acclimation of cyanobacteria; photoreceptors; photosynthetic pigments; photosystems I and II; stomatal and chloroplast photoinduced movements.

Received: August 31, 2021; Revised: October 28, 2021; Accepted: November 15, 2021; Prepublished online: January 6, 2022; Published: March 18, 2022  Show citation