Photosynthetica 2023, 61(1):73-93 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2023.002

Photosynthetic machinery under salinity stress: Trepidations and adaptive mechanisms

T.V. VINEETH1, 2, 3, G.K. KRISHNA3, P.H. PANDESHA4, L. SATHEE4, S. THOMAS5, D. JAMES6, K.T. RAVIKIRAN2, 7, S. TARIA4, 8, C. JOHN9, N.M. VINAYKUMAR10, B.M. LOKESHKUMAR2, H.S. JAT2, J. BOSE11, D. CAMUS1, 2, S. RATHOR2, S.L. KRISHNAMURTHY2, P.C. SHARMA2
1 Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (ICAR-CSSRI), Regional Research Station (RRS), 392 012 Bharuch, Gujarat, India
2 Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (ICAR-CSSRI), 132 001 Karnal, Haryana, India
3 Department of Plant Physiology, Kerala Agricultural University-College of Agriculture, 680 656 Thrissur, Kerala, India
4 Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), 110 012 New Delhi, India
5 Department of Plant Physiology, Kerala Agricultural University-Regional Agricultural Research Station, 686 563 Kumarakom, Kerala, India
6 Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Division, KSCSTE-Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, 680 653 Thrissur, Kerala, India
7 Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (ICAR-CSSRI), Regional Research Station (RRS), 226 002 Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
8 Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Agroforestry Research Institute (ICAR-CAFRI), 284 003 Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
9 School of Natural Resource Management, Central Agricultural University-College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences (CAU), 793 103 Umiam, Meghalaya, India
10 Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, 577 451 Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
11 School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW, 275 1, Australia

Chloroplasts and photosynthesis are the physiologically fateful arenas of salinity stress. Morphological and anatomical alterations in the leaf tissue, ultrastructural changes in the chloroplast, compromise in the integrity of the three-layered chloroplast membrane system, and defects in the light and dark reactions during the osmotic, ionic, and oxidative phases of salt stress are conversed in detail to bring the salinity-mediated physiological alterations in the chloroplast on to a single platform. Chloroplasts of salt-tolerant plants have evolved highly regulated salt-responsive pathways. Thylakoid membrane remodeling, ion homeostasis, osmoprotection, upregulation of chloroplast membrane and stromal proteins, chloroplast ROS scavenging, efficient retrograde signalling, and differential gene and metabolite abundance are the key attributes of optimal photosynthesis in tolerant species. This review throws light into the comparative mechanism of chloroplast and photosynthetic response to salinity in sensitive and tolerant plant species.

Additional key words: halophytes; photosynthetic rate; plastid; salt stress; sensitivity; tolerance.

Received: October 30, 2022; Revised: December 18, 2022; Accepted: January 6, 2023; Prepublished online: March 14, 2023; Published: April 13, 2023  Show citation

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VINEETH, T.V., KRISHNA, G.K., PANDESHA, P.H., SATHEE, L., THOMAS, S., JAMES, D., ... SHARMA, P.C. (2023). Photosynthetic machinery under salinity stress: Trepidations and adaptive mechanisms. Photosynthetica, 61(1), 73-93. doi: 10.32615/ps.2023.002
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